Born in Petatlan, Mexico, Leonel Maciel studies at the Esmeralda School of Painting, Sculpture and Print in Mexico City. He is an established Mexican artist who has achieved International fame. His work is marked by brilliant colors, strong lines and a certain naivete.
Mario Monteforte Toledo has said of his work: "An art like that of Maciel's, reaffirms and revives faith in the eternal values of the country, not only those of the art world, but of the culture in general. This work is, above all else, a global expression of culture. Here there isn't folklore, chauvinism, or obvious message. This is baroque art that initiates thought and a desire to know and enrich the knowledge of society."
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Es un pintor que querĂa ser aviador, tal vez por eso es un gran viajero y un buscador de sitios desconocidos. Se negĂł a ser pintor hasta que la pintura lo acorralĂł, naciĂł en 1939, y dibuja con decisiĂłn desde los ocho años, estudiĂł en la Esmeralda, pero la vida fue la que le mostrĂł lo que deberĂa pintar.
“NO ME INTERESA SER MODERNO, EL ARTE NO TIENE TIEMPO”
Vital, memorioso, sabio, hedonista, vive en Cuernavaca rodeado de su obra y sus amigos, le gusta cocinar y su pintura es parte de ese placer.
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LA PINTURA ES DESTINO
Saliendo de La Esmeralda no sabĂa quĂ© hacer, porque a mĂ no me interesaba ser pintor. El destino mete su cuchara donde no debe y resulta me ofrecen un trabajo en la Unidad Independencia que la inaugurĂł LĂłpez Mateos del brazo de Charles de Gaulle, me da la cátedra de pintura y nosotros inauguramos los talleres de arte. EntrĂ© a dar clases ahĂ y en La Esmeralda, y me puse a pintar con los alumnos pero llegĂł un momento en que me di cuenta que yo no servĂa como maestro, los alumnos me hacĂan enojar mucho, terminaba peleándome con ellos. No servĂa yo para dar explicaciones, ÂżquĂ© hice? Me fui a Europa.
VIVIR PARA VIVIR
Muchos dirĂan que en Europa vieron muchĂsima pintura, yo vi lo que tenĂa que ver. Para empezar fui a Nueva York, luego Islandia, luego el resto de Europa, allá no hice nada más que andar caminando y llevar la vida como se me iba presentando, como me ha sucedido siempre. Pablo Neruda escribe en su hermoso libro Confieso que he vivido, tengo un amigo que muriĂł hace unos siete años que le gustaba mucho el trago y Ă©l escribiĂł que confesaba “cĂłmo habĂa bebido”, yo confieso que “no sĂ© cĂłmo he vivido”.
 VIVIR HOY Y AHORA
Cuando yo decidà dedicarme a la pintura me dije “si voy a ser pintor, voy a hacer lo que se me antoje”. No estoy por el estilo, no me interesa el estilo, no me interesan las escuelas, no me interesa el pensamiento de los demás, me interesa lo que yo voy pensando de acuerdo al mundo que me ha tocado vivir. Voy desarrollando mi propio pensamiento. Que si mi pintura es actual, que si no es actual, digo, mientras yo la esté haciendo es actual. Eso que dicen “no qué, es que en mis tiempos…” mis tiempos han sido desde que yo nazco hasta que vaya a morir, todo es mi tiempo.
CREAR SIN TIEMPO
Nos hemos ido volviendo muy asĂ©pticos al hacer arte y me refiero en tĂ©rminos generales. Cuando escucho a los muchachos que hablan de mĂşsica “que si es el rock, que si es el otro, que si por aquĂ, por allá”, bueno, Âży dĂłnde está la rebeldĂa del creador? ÂżPor quĂ© todo tiene que ser de allá? ÂżQuĂ© no tengo nada adentro, no hay nada en mi pequeño entorno nacional que me influya, que me dĂ©? En el arte, todo lo moderno nos lo tienen que mandar de afuera ÂżquĂ© es lo que pasa? Nosotros nos colgamos en el tren, pero ni siquiera adentro del tren, ni siquiera adentro del cabĂşs, sino colgados del cabĂşs. Y a todo esto Âżpor quĂ© tengo que ser moderno? No me interesa ser moderno, el arte no tiene tiempo.
PINTAR EL TODO
Siempre he dicho que no es tema, el tema es un pretexto, el tema puede ser ahorita, lo que estamos hablando son ideas, lo que estoy viendo me da ideas. Pero, ÂżcĂłmo voy a tratar el tema? Antes existĂan los temas heroicos y hubo un momento en que eso se supera, el tema puede ser, quĂ© sĂ© yo, el vuelo de una mosca, o la nada ÂżquĂ© voy a hacer con la nada? ÂżCĂłmo voy a tratar la nada? Lo importante es saber quĂ© hacer con eso.
 EL SOL DE LEONEL
Es que por pintar un Sol amarillo sobre un fondo negro dije “al Sol lo vemos a travĂ©s de un gran vidrio, y en todas imágenes que vemos por fotografĂa, por los telescopios, el Sol está lleno de formas, de manchas”, y empecĂ© desde el fondo amarillo hacia delante hasta llegar a estas manchas rojas. DespuĂ©s me digo “persona es vida y es muerte, y Âżcuál es la planta creadora de nutriente del mexicano y que ahora es del mundo?” El maĂz y nosotros somos la cultura del maĂz, los primeros hombres fueron de maĂz, pero primero viene Nanahuatzin, el Sol, y luego TecuciztĂ©catl, la Luna, y siempre me ha gustado la Luna menguante Âżpor quĂ© no ponerla ahĂ? Entonces es vida y muerte.
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Mexico has the oldest printmaking tradition in Latin America. The first presses were established there in the 16th mainly to print devotional images for religious institutions. Because of their ephemeral nature, few of these early impressions survive. A rare early exception is a 1756 thesis proclamation printed on silk presented by a candidate for a degree in medicine. With the introduction of lithography to Mexico in the nineteenth century, printmaking and publishing greatly expanded, and artists became recognized for the character of their work. José Guadalupe Posada (1851–1913) is often regarded as the father of Mexican printmaking. His best-known prints are of skeletons (calaveras) published on brightly colored paper as broadsides that address topical issues and current events, love and romance, stories, popular songs, and other themes. Posada demonstrated how effective prints were for creating a visual language that everyone could understand and enjoy. In the early twentieth century, their example had a profound impact on artists who, in response to the turbulent political climate and social unrest, were similarly eager to reach broad audiences.
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The best-known artists in Mexico from the early decades of the twentieth century are Diego Rivera, José Clemente Orozco (1883–1949), and David Alfaro Siqueiros (1896–1974)—“Los tres grandes” (The Three Greats). They were all committed to politics but expressed their views through their art in very different ways. Of the three, Rivera—who returned to Mexico from Europe at the invitation of the government in 1921 to work on a mural project—rose to greatest prominence. Rivera’s 1932 lithograph Emiliano Zapata and His Horse, based on a detail from one of his murals at the Palace of Cortés Cuernavaca to the south of Mexico City, has become an iconic twentieth-century print. Zapata was a landowner-turned-revolutionary who formed and led the Liberation Army of the South. He embodied the aims of agrarian struggle that aspired to improve conditions for those who worked on the land. Zapata was assassinated in April 1919. Rivera’s print conflates different moments of oppression with optimistic emancipation. It was commissioned and published by the Weyhe Gallery in New York for sale to American collectors. Orozco and Siqueiros also made prints for the U.S. market, a number of which are devoid of political content.
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The establishment of the print collective known as the Taller de Gráfica Popular (Workshop of Popular Graphic Art, TGP) in Mexico City in 1937 best expresses the symbiosis between prints and politics that had developed in Mexico. Its founders, Leopoldo Méndez (1902–1969), Luis Arenal (1908/9–1985) and Pablo (Paul) O’Higgins (1904–1983), were committed communists who abandoned mural painting to concentrate on printmaking, demonstrating how important prints had become as a vehicle for artistic, social, and political expression. Some of its members had belonged to the League of Writers and Revolutionary Artists (LEAR), which had been launched in 1934. The TGP has a fascinating history steeped in astonishing artistic production and political intrigue. The Bolshevik revolutionary and Marxist theorist Leon Trotsky arrived in Mexico in 1937, much to the horror of the communists represented by Siqueiros, who regarded him as a pro-fascist provocateur. Rivera was a supporter of Trotsky and established a Mexican branch of the Fourth International, a socialist organization that had its own journal, Clave, and ran articles attacking the USSR and the Mexican Communist Party. Siqueiros, then a guest member of the TGP, with fellow printmakers Antonio Pujol (1913–1995) and Luis Arenal, led an attempt to assassinate Trotsky in May 1940. The TGP workshop was their rendezvous point. After the failed attempt, Pujol ended up in prison and Siqueiros fled the country. Their action caused terrible ruptures in the TGP, with some remaining committed to the communist cause and others pressing for a more moderate line.
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By 1947, the year that the Society of Mexican Printmakers was founded, printmaking had broadened its horizons far beyond its proletarian roots. In fact, printmaking was now considered to be the most intimate of media. Post World War II artist felt a need to reassert private values in opposition to highly politicized work. They opened the way to more subjective investigations of personal identity and myth.
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Jose Luis Cuevas, Rufino Tamayo, and Francisco Toledo are fine examples of the new sensibility. These later artists have kept alive Mexico’s reputation for excellence in the graphic arts. A common Mexican trait on either side of the U.S.–Mexico border is the passionate interest in Mexicanidad (Mexicanness) and what comprises Mexican identity. Perhaps this obsession to understand the concept of Mexicanidad comes from nearly five centuries of mestizaje – the interracial and cultural mixing that first occurred in Mesoamerica among Native Indigenous groups, European Spanish and enslaved Africans during the 1520s. By the 18th century, Mexican identity had developed. Mestizaje was the process that constructed it. The museum’s permanent collection showcases the dynamic and distinct Mexican stories in North America, and sheds light on why Mexican identity cannot be regarded as singular; its vast diversity defies any notion of one linear history. -
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Nuestras Historias destaca la colecciĂłn permanente del museo, la cual expone las historias dinámicas y diversas de la identidad mexicana en NorteamĂ©rica. La exhibiciĂłn muestra la identidad cultural como algo que evoluciona continuamente a travĂ©s del tiempo, de regiones y de comunidades, en vez de señalarla como una entidad estática e inmutable, exhibiendo para esto, artefactos mesoamericanos y coloniales, arte moderno mexicano, arte popular, y arte contemporáneo de los dos lados de la frontera EE.UU-MĂ©xico. La gran diversidad de identidades mexicanas mostradas en estas obras desafĂa la nociĂłn de una sola historia lineal e identidad Ăşnica.Â
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